A部分（SECTION A）
请仔细阅读并分析以下案例，然后回答问题1和问题2。
You are strongly advised to carefully read and analyse the information in the case study before attempting to answer questions 1 and 2.
案例：
F农机公司
F农机公司是一家中小企业，主营业务为维修和改装农业机械。公司成立25年来，因向本地区农业领域提供优质服务而赢得了良好声誉。目前公司有60名员工，其中多数都是具备良好专业水平的农业工程师。
新业务
大约5年前，公司创始人暨总裁乔治先生发现了维修老式拖拉机的市场，利润颇为可观。这些老式拖拉机已经成为时尚而富有价值的收藏品。这个新业务快速发展涨大，现在公司的客户已经遍及全球。
康苏莱女士是公司采购主管，她开发了很多过时且不再生产了的专用零部件供应源。由于这些部件的生产工艺要求很高、质量非常关键而供应量相对较小，所以她花费了大量的时间和精力。比如普遍用于这种旧式拖拉机中的液压部件，只有附近的P公司独家提供。F公司在这项新业务的发展过程中与P公司长期合作，建立了良好双赢的伙伴关系。
灾难
三个月前P公司发生爆炸，厂房被毁，部分重要员工重伤，导致对F公司的供货中断。尽管F公司持有液压部件的足够库存，但现在已经处于较低水平，计划部门预测存货只能维持大约3个月的生产。由于工厂还在接受官方调查，保险公司在该调查结束之前拒绝赔偿，因此，工厂近期内无法开展重建，工厂董事会决定让大多数员工无限期下岗以降低费用。
备选供应源
由于液压部件的供应完全依靠P公司单一供应源，康苏莱和她的小型采购团队并没有开发合格的备用供应源。康苏莱意识到目前的紧急情况，并找到3家备用供应商。与这些供应商初步联系后得到如下信息：
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公司名称
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供货前置期(天)
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价格（每套）
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占F公司营业额比例（%）
|
|
豪斯公司
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15
|
2000英镑
|
10
|
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博乐公司
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30
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1500英镑
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20
|
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湖科公司
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45
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800英镑
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70
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豪斯公司和博乐公司位于属于欧盟的东欧地区；湖科公司在印度。
除了上述表中的信息以外，康苏莱与这些公司没有任何交往经验，对他们在供货承诺和产品质量方面的实际绩效一概不知。但情况紧急，为了F公司的声誉不受影响，必须尽快做出决策。
本案例纯属虚构，如有雷同，纯属巧合
Case:
FRAMLINGTON AGRICULTURAL LIMITED
Framlington Agricultural Limited (FAL) is a small- to medium-sized enterprise (SME) engaged in the repair and refurbishment of agricultural machinery. Established some 25 years ago, the company has built up a good reputation for supplying an excellent service to the farming community throughout the region. It has around 60 employees, many of whom are highly skilled agricultural engineers.
New Business
About five years ago, George Framlington, the company’s founder and managing director, identified a profitable market for the restoration of old tractors. These have become both valuable and popular as collectors’ items. This line of business has expanded and FAL now has customers from all over the world.
Consuela Martinez, FAL’s buyer, has established a number of sources of supply for the manufacture of the many specialist but now obsolete items that are no longer produced. This has taken considerable time and effort as the quantities are comparatively small, the quality is crucial, and the production skills required are of a very high order. A particular example is the hydraulic parts that are common to many of these machines. These are manufactured by a nearby company, Pressureit Ltd, with which FAL has developed, and enjoyed, an excellent and profitable partnership relationship in this growing area of business.
Disaster strikes!
Three months ago, an explosion at Pressureit’s factory destroyed the building, seriously injured some of the key staff and thus interrupted the supply of parts to FAL. Although FAL carried adequate stocks of the hydraulic parts, these are now running low and FAL’s production planners estimate that there is only about 30-days supply remaining. Also, there seems to be no prospect of the factory being rebuilt in the short-term, as an official enquiry into the incident is still continuing and Pressureit’s insurance company is refusing compensation until the enquiry is completed. Moreover, Pressureit’s board has just decided to lay-off most of the workforce indefinitely to reduce costs.
Alternative Sources
Having in the past totally relied on this single source of hydraulic parts, Consuela and her small buying team have not previously located a qualified, alternative supplier for these essential hydraulic parts. She has subsequently realised the urgency of this and has identified three possible alternative suppliers. The outcome of her initial enquiries is as follows:
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Company
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Lead Time
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Price
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% of turnover represented by FAL’s business
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HoseCo
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15 days
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￡2000 per unit
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10
|
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BoyleCo
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30 days
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￡1500 per unit
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20
|
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HookCo
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45 days
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￡800 per unit
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70
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HoseCo and BoyleCo are both located in Eastern Europe but within the EU. HookCo is located in India.
While the differences in the time and prices quoted are obvious, Consuela has no previous experience with these suppliers. It is, therefore, unclear what their actual performance would be both in terms of their delivery commitments and the quality level of the products supplied. However, the situation is urgent and if FAL’s reputation is not to suffer, a decision has to be made quickly.
The information in this case study is purely fictitious and has been prepared for assessment purposes only.
Any resemblance to any organization or person is purely coincidental.
